James Fleming Gordon (May 18, 1918 – February 9, 1990) was a United States federal judge.
Born in Madisonville, Kentucky, Gordon received an LL.B. from the University of Kentucky in 1941. He was in private practice in Madisonville, Kentucky from 1941 to 1942. He was in the United States Army from 1942 to 1945. He was in private practice in Madisonville, Kentucky from 1945 to 1965. He was a Campaign chairman, Kentucky Democratic Party in 1955. He was a Chairman, Kentucky Public Service Commission from 1956 to 1960. He was a Special counsel to the governor of Kentucky from 1965 to 1965. He was a Speakers chairman, Kentucky Democratic Party in 1966.
Gordon was a federal judge on the United States District Court for the Western District of Kentucky. Gordon was nominated by President Lyndon B. Johnson on June 24, 1965, to a seat vacated by Roy M. Shelbourne. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on July 22, 1965, and received his commission on July 23, 1965. He served as chief judge from 1969-1976. He assumed senior status on January 1, 1976. Gordon served in that capacity until February 9, 1990, due to his death.